ArticleSensors and actuators. B, Chemical2026
Low-Frequency Segmented-Flow Microfluidics for Biphasic Chemical Sensing.
Article in Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Droplet microfluidics with droplet generation frequencies of several hundred hertz and droplet volumes below 1 nL has previously been reported for biphasic chemical sensing based on oil sensors. However, tracking fluorescence from these rapidly moving subnanoliter droplets typically requires highly sophisticated optical instrumentation, such as laser-scanning confocal microscopy. In this work, we implement oil-based chemical sensing in segmented-flow microfluidics with operating frequencies below 20 Hz and segment volumes of tens to hundreds of nanoliters. The lower segment generation frequency and larger segment size enable straightforward interrogation using a compact custom-built optical detector consisting of a laser excitation source and a photon counter. Commercial plastic tee assemblies and perfluorinated tubing are employed in place of PDMS microchannels to minimize channel swelling as well as chemical adsorption and absorption. The self-contained sensing platform is demonstrated for biphasic detection of potassium ions, albumin, and hydrogen peroxide based on mechanisms including analyte-induced deprotonation of a hydrophobic pH indicator, analyte-induced back extraction of a fluorescent dye, and reaction of the analyte with a fluorescent probe. The system is compatible with oil sensors containing optical reporters over a wide concentration range from micromolar to near-millimolar levels. Using potassium ion sensing as a model system, we further demonstrate plasma analysis and real-time tracking of stepwise concentration changes in continuously aspirated samples. This low-frequency segmented-flow microfluidic sensing platform combined with a simple optical detector paves the way for bedside chemical monitoring in biological fluids.
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