Arthroscopy in specific joint pathologies of dogs and potential for application in wildlife species.

importanceArthroscopy has become an essential minimally invasive technique for both diagnostic and surgical applications in veterinary medicine. However, despite its established clinical utility in domestic small animals, particularly for the evaluation and management of arthropathies in major joints of dogs, its application in wildlife species remains limited. Expanding the use of arthroscopy in wildlife species may address important gaps in the diagnosis and management of arthropathies across diverse taxa. OBSERVATIONS: This narrative review demonstrates that arthroscopy is extensively utilized in small animals, especially dogs, for both diagnostic and therapeutic management of major joint disorders, supported by continuous developments in instrumentation and procedural techniques. In contrast, arthroscopic applications in wildlife species are largely confined to isolated case reports, with considerable variability in anatomical feasibility, surgical approaches, and clinical outcomes, leading to a limited understanding of disease pathophysiology, treatment options, and clinical outcomes in non-domestic species. This disparity highlights a substantial gap in the evidence base regarding the use of arthroscopy across non-domestic species. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Arthroscopy provides a versatile and effective modality in veterinary orthopedics, with well-established applications in canine patients. However, its use in wildlife medicine remains limited and inconsistent. Continued refinement of arthroscopic equipment and techniques, along with the accumulation of clinical experience, may facilitate broader adoption in wildlife species. This review provides a timely overview of current practices and highlights clinically relevant gaps, supporting future research and potential clinical application in non-domestic species.