Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42675333›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2026

Insomnia disorder at 6 weeks postpartum: a prospective study.

Moe Takenoshita, Arash Jalali-Sohi, Nathan Z Hidajat, Guillermina Michel, Nan Guo, Rachel Manber, Deirdre J Lyell, Fiona Barwick, Arden M Morris, Heather Moody and 10 more

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Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The "adequate sleep opportunity" criterion in postpartum insomnia: non-discriminating, not merely too strict.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Moe TakenoshitaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. moet97@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-8528
Arash Jalali-SohiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nathan Z HidajatDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Guillermina MichelDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nan GuoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Rachel ManberDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Deirdre J LyellDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Fiona BarwickDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Arden M MorrisDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Heather MoodyDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Rania ElkhatebDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Jill MhyreDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
David CellaDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Sara ShaunfieldDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Sean MackeyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lu TianDepartment of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Suzan L CarmichaelDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Danielle M PanelliDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Xiaodan TangDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Pervez SultanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Funding

Development and Validation of a PROMIS-based Measure to Assess Postpartum SleepR01HL166253 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Pervez Sultan · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL166253NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL166253-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo estimate the prevalence of insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms, explore risk factors for insomnia disorder, and characterize sleep at 6 weeks postpartum.

methodsFollowing IRB approval, adults who delivered a live infant at two academic US hospitals were prospectively recruited with a pre-specified cross-sectional analysis planned at 6 weeks postpartum, evaluating new sleep disturbance (SD) and sleep-related impairment (SRI) surveys. Participants were invited to complete surveys (Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS), PROMIS SD, and SRI), and a structured clinical interview for sleep disorders (SCISD-R, the diagnostic standard), at 6 weeks postpartum, until 150 interviews were completed. Demographic and clinical variables were collected. Primary outcome was prevalence of insomnia disorder by SCISD-R; secondary outcomes were sleep characteristics and survey scores, clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with insomnia disorder, and exploratory evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of BIS, PROMIS SD, and SRI for insomnia disorder identified by SCISD-R. Associations were assessed using univariate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of the surveys.

resultsOf the 188 patients who accepted interview invitations, 150 completed interviews (79.8%) at 44 ± 7 days postpartum, mean age 33 ± 5 years. Insomnia symptoms were reported in 38 (25.3%) patients and 20 (13%) met diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder. Only 2 had received clinical evaluation. Among 144 respondents, median BIS, PROMIS SD, and SRI T scores were 20 [IQR 14-27], 51 [IQR 45-56], and 57 [IQR 50-62] respectively, indicating normal SD and mild SRI in most patients. Fifty-one percent reported low or very low sleep satisfaction. Seventy percent reported sleeping ≤ 6 h. No statistically significant factors associated with insomnia disorder were identified, likely reflecting insufficient power rather than a true null finding. ROC curve analysis of BIS, PROMIS SD, and SRI in identifying insomnia disorder yielded area under the curve values of 0.73, 0.85, and 0.70 respectively.

conclusionThe prevalence of insomnia disorder at 6 weeks postpartum was 13%, with most cases clinically undiagnosed. Improved screening strategies are needed. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE/STUDY RATIONALE: Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder in the postpartum period and accounts for up to 68% of sleep disorders; however, prevalence estimates of insomnia disorder in the first year after delivery vary widely. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms, explore risk factors associated with insomnia disorder, and characterize sleep at 6 weeks postpartum. STUDY IMPACT: The prevalence of insomnia disorder at 6 weeks postpartum was 13%, with most cases clinically undiagnosed, demonstrating that improved screening strategies are needed. Beyond diagnosed insomnia disorder, a larger population of patients endorsed clinically meaningful sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment without meeting diagnostic criteria for sleep disorder, revealing a gap in current sleep medicine frameworks that may leave affected patients overlooked in clinical care.

Indexed as

Postpartum PeriodSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansPrevalenceProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesInsomniaMaternal healthPostpartumSleep disorder

Identifiers

PMID42675333
PMCPMC13530064

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.