ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A and Argireline on Dermal Collagen Remodeling and Skin Biology in a Flap Model.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBotulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is increasingly recognized for tissue-level effects beyond neuromuscular blockade, but its impact on dermal collagen composition remains incompletely characterized. Acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline) is a SNAP-25 mimetic cosmeceutical peptide whose biological activity at the tissue level is unclear. This study evaluated the effects of BoNT-A, Argireline, and their combination on dermal collagen type I/III and Substance P (SP) expression in a flap model.
methodsForty female Wistar rats were allocated to four groups (n = 10): saline control, BoNT-A, Argireline, and BoNT-A + Argireline. Subdermal injections were administered at six points one week before elevation of a 9 × 3 cm caudally based McFarlane flap. Flap survival was quantified on day 10 using planimetric analysis. Collagen type I/III was assessed using picrosirius red staining under polarized light, and SP expression was evaluated immunohistochemically.
resultsFlap survival did not differ significantly among groups (p = 0.327). Collagen composition differed significantly: BoNT-A-containing groups demonstrated lower type I and higher type III collagen compared with control and Argireline groups (p < 0.001). Argireline alone produced a collagen profile indistinguishable from control. SP expression was significantly elevated in the combination group compared with control and Argireline (p = 0.002).
conclusionsBoNT-A shifted dermal collagen toward a less mature profile without improving flap survival. Injectable Argireline produced no detectable tissue-level effect under the tested conditions. Increased Substance P expression in the BoNT-A-containing groups represents an exploratory, predominantly BoNT-A-associated neurogenic signal warranting dedicated study. These findings highlight a dissociation between macroscopic tissue viability and dermal remodeling responses. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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