ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026
Developmental deviations of association-network structural connectivity in youths with ADHD predict symptom and treatment outcomes.
Xiaoyu Xu, Zhao Fu, Haoshu Xu, Kangfuxi Zhang, Jing Cong, Hang Yang, Yang Li, Yilu Zhao, Xiangyu Zheng, Arielle S Keller and 6 more
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In one paragraphArticle in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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16 authors.
Zhao Fu *Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-6602 Haoshu XuBeijing Institute for Brain Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Kangfuxi ZhangPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
Jing CongBeijing Institute for Brain Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yang LiBeijing Institute for Brain Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yilu ZhaoPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
Xiangyu ZhengPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
Qingjiu CaoPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China. caoqingjiu@bjmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-8138 Li YangPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Big Data Innovative Application of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China. yangli_pkuimh@bjmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-5969 Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82371548National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82472059
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lacks validated biomarkers for tracking symptom trajectories or guiding treatment selection in youth. Here we quantify individual deviations from normative age-related trajectories of white-matter structural connectivity across two independent datasets: 6,687 typically developing and 1,114 ADHD scans from a longitudinal developmental cohort, and 355 typically developing and 477 ADHD participants from an independent cohort. Youths with ADHD showed pronounced structural connectivity deviations enriched towards the association end of the sensorimotor-association connectional axis. A subset of higher-order association connections showed ADHD-specific developmental reductions in deviations beyond typical developmental patterns, and these changes mediated age-related declines in ADHD symptoms. Within-individual decreases in deviation over 2 years tracked symptom improvement. Baseline deviations predicted 12-week treatment response to atomoxetine but not methylphenidate, and follow-up imaging revealed treatment-related reductions in deviation. Together, these findings identify structural connectivity deviation as a developmental biomarker with prognostic relevance for ADHD, supporting precision care through symptom monitoring and treatment stratification.
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