ArticleScientific reports2026
Development and application of a poly (sodium p-styrenesulfonate-co-acrylic acid) / Ficus leaves-derived activated carbon composite for the efficient removal of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This research details the synthesis and application of a novel poly (sodium p-styrenesulfonate-co-acrylic acid)/Ficus leaf-derived activated carbon composite (P(NaSS-co-AA)/AC) for the Efficient elimination of 4-Nitrophenol from contaminated Aqueous Solutions. The copolymer P(NaSS-co-AA) was fabricated via free-radical copolymerization of sodium p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) and acrylic acid (AA) and characterized by GPC, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. The composite was further analyzed utilizing SEM, FTIR, BET, and TGA techniques. Batch adsorption tests experiments were performed to optimize operational parameters achieving optimal conditions at pH 7, an adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g/L, and a contact time of 120 min, with a removal efficiency of 95 ± 1.18%. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting monolayer chemisorption on a homogeneous surface. The composite demonstrated high selectivity and robust performance in real wastewater matrices and multicomponent ionic environments, maintaining a removal efficiency of over 90% despite the presence of competing species. The maximum adsorption capacity was 65.0 ± 1.25 mg/g, exceeding conventional activated carbons. Statistical evaluation of models showed excellent fits (Langmuir R² = 0.994, RMSE = 0.85 ± 0.08; kinetics pseudo-second-order R² = 0.999, RMSE = 0.47 ± 0.04). Post-adsorption FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed 4-NP uptake and supported the proposed multi-mode adsorption mechanism (π-π stacking, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding). Preliminary column breakthrough experiments and leaching/environmental safety screening further validate the practical potential of this composite. These results showed that the developed composite is a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent with strong potential for wastewater treatment applications targeting nitrophenol contaminants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.