ArticleArquivos de neuro-psiquiatria2026
Delayed diagnosis of cluster headache in Portugal.
Article in Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Cluster headache (CH) has well-defined diagnostic criteria, but its diagnostic delay (DD) remains substantial, averaging 3.6 to 9 years, leading to inappropriate treatments and significant psychosocial and socioeconomic burdens. Objective: To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with DD in CH to promote earlier diagnosis. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 64 patients with episodic or chronic CH from 6 Portuguese neurology centers. Participants completed an online questionnaire covering demographics, clinical features, prior consultations, diagnoses, and treatments. Diagnostic delay was defined as the time from symptom onset to formal diagnosis. Correlation tests and multiple linear regression were performed to identify predictors of DD. Results: The mean DD was of 6.4 ± 8.3 (range: 0-39) years, with 46.9% experiencing delays > 4 years. No sex differences were observed. Younger age at onset (ρ = -0.45; Conclusion: Diagnostic delay in CH remains considerable in Portugal. Increasing awareness among primary care physicians and non-neurologist specialists is crucial to reduce DD and inappropriate treatments. Further research should clarify the role of educational level and support targeted interventions for timely recognition.
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