ArticleProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2026
Anti-Melanogenic and Skin-Protective Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532-Derived Fractions and Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure induces oxidative stress and disrupts normal melanogenesis, leading to pigmentation disorders and skin damage. Probiotic-derived postbiotics, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), have recently emerged as promising bioactive agents for skin health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-melanogenic and skin-protective effects of the cell-free supernatant (CFS), cell extract (CE), and EV-enriched fraction derived from Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532. In B16F10 melanocytes, both the CFS and CE significantly reduced melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by downregulation of melanogenesis-related proteins (TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2) and suppression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling. In a UVB-induced hairless mouse model, topical application of the CFS and CE markedly decreased melanin accumulation, preserved epidermal structure, and prevented collagen loss. Notably, the EV-enriched fraction showed relatively stronger anti-melanogenic activity than CFS under the tested conditions, showing greater inhibition of melanin synthesis, intracellular TYR activity, and melanogenesis-related gene expression, including TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF. Proteomic profiling revealed multiple proteins commonly identified in bacterial EVs, including membrane-associated and transporter-related proteins, supporting the vesicular characteristics of the EV-enriched fraction. These findings indicate that JNU532-derived CFS, CE, and EV-enriched fractions exhibit anti-melanogenic and skin-protective effects, with enhanced activity observed in the EV-enriched fraction under the tested conditions.
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