Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42670998›Full record

ArticleJournal of water and health2026

Evaluation of drinking water suitability in rural primary school environments: linking hydrochemistry, multivariate analysis, and water quality indices in Northern Uganda.

Walter Ojok, William Edema, Betty Akwongo, Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen, Morgan Andama

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of water and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Walter OjokDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O Box 725, Arua, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-4162
William EdemaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9324-4378
Betty AkwongoDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muni University, Arua, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7855-2935
Asbjørn Haaning NielsenDepartment of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-8549
Morgan AndamaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muni University, Arua, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-5071

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Groundwater is the dominant source of drinking water in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, yet its suitability in school environments is rarely evaluated using process-based approaches. This study assesses groundwater sources used by government aided primary schools in Vurra Subcounty, Northern Uganda, integrating hydrochemical analysis with principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment. Water sources exhibited slightly acidic to near-neutral conditions (pH 5.59-7.17) and low mineralization (TDS: 4-356 mg L

Indexed as

Drinking WaterEnvironmental MonitoringGroundwaterSchoolsWater QualityMultivariate AnalysisPrincipal Component AnalysisRural PopulationUgandaWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater SupplyDrinking WaterWater Pollutants, Chemicalgroundwater qualityNorthern Ugandaprincipal component analysisrural water supplytrace metalswater quality index

Identifiers

PMID42670998

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.