Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42670884›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2026

Use of Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Thoughts, Perspectives and Experiences of Australian Adults.

Andrew Turner, Kate Churruca, Samantha Spanos, Thomas Courtney-Stubbs, Darran Foo, Louise A Ellis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrew TurnerCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0764-2353
Kate ChurrucaCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-3116
Samantha SpanosCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3907
Thomas Courtney-StubbsCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Darran FooCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-9420
Louise A EllisCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-4578

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFollowing the COVID pandemic, direct-to-consumer (DTC) telemedicine services that offer medical expertise via remote electronic interfaces have surged in popularity. This paper explores the perspectives and experiences of patients using DTC telemedicine services in Australia, including their perceptions of benefits, concerns and interactions with traditional general practice.

methodsThis was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo, with a combination of inductive and deductive coding. Participants were recruited from a previous survey on user experiences with up to five different DTC telemedicine services.

resultsThirteen participants had experience with DTC telemedicine services for women's health, skin care, men's health and women's fertility. Four themes were identified: (1) Convenience, efficiency and greater access-flexible appointment scheduling, reduced wait times and the online user interface were major benefits of DTC telemedicine services. Participants also highlighted the capacity of DTC telemedicine to enhance healthcare accessibility for those living rurally or with mobility challenges; (2) The value of anonymity-DTC telemedicine facilitated care for potentially stigmatised conditions such as obesity and erectile dysfunction, encouraging some patients to seek care they might otherwise avoid; (3) Concerns about inappropriate use of medication-participants questioned whether ease of access might lead to inappropriate prescribing, and (4) Interactions with general practice-DTC telemedicine was perceived as more of a supplement to general practice rather than a replacement. Despite this, participants indicated that negative experiences with GPs contributed to DTC telemedicine use.

conclusionDTC telemedicine was viewed as a convenient and efficient alternative to general practice for certain health issues. However, concerns were identified regarding prescribing safety, continuity of care and inequity in access. If regulatory gaps are addressed, collaboration with GPs improved and disparities in access minimised, DTC telemedicine has the potential to play a complementary role in strengthening Australia's primary healthcare system. PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: This research was undertaken in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a Doctor of Medicine program. Given the timeframe allotted for undertaking this research, formal PPIE was not possible. However, two members of the research team had experience using the services discussed in this study and drew upon these experiences in developing interview questions and interpreting findings.

Indexed as

COVID-19TelemedicineAdultAgedAustraliaFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2direct‐to‐consumergeneral practicehealthcare accesspatient experiencetelehealthtelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID42670884
PMCPMC13527857

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.