ArticleDepression and anxiety2026
Mixed Features in Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Consequences.
Article in Depression and anxiety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: Mixed features in major depressive disorder (MDD)-the presence of manic symptoms during major depressive episodes (MDEs)-are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We investigated the prevalence and clinical correlates of mixed features among Korean women with recurrent MDD. Method: Data ( Results: The worst-MDE-based prevalence of mixed features was 4.6%. A family history of manic episodes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-6.36) and of MDEs (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.41-2.55) was significantly associated with mixed features. Five worst-MDE symptoms were independently associated with mixed features: increased weight (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.16-4.09), late insomnia (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.07-3.41), slow or mixed thoughts (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.18-3.33), suicidal ideation (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.04-3.94), and diurnal mood variation (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.34-2.81). Mixed features were associated with mood-stabilizer use (lifetime use OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.38-3.42; current use OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.58-3.92), panic disorder (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.46-2.99), premenstrual syndrome symptoms (rate ratio [RR] = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.37), and damage by suicide attempts (RR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17-2.07). Conclusions: Although less prevalent in this clinically ascertained sample than in Western samples, mixed features in recurrent MDD exhibit distinct clinical patterns. This finding underscores the importance of screening for mixed features, particularly when associated depressive symptoms are present, to inform early detection and treatment planning.
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