ReviewCureus2026
Sex Differences in Incident Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression has been shown to differ by sex, although findings across studies remain inconsistent. This narrative review examines evidence on sex differences in the development of stage 3 CKD, defined as incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m². A narrative literature search of PubMed was conducted to identify observational cohort studies evaluating sex-specific risk in CKD development. Findings varied by population characteristics and outcome definitions. Evidence regarding sex differences in incident stage 3 CKD is mixed, with some findings suggesting greater risk among women and others identifying male sex as a potential risk factor. Additionally, metabolic and lifestyle risk factors demonstrated sex-specific associations, with some exposures showing stronger effects in men or differing based on whether CKD was defined by eGFR decline or proteinuria. Overall, sex differences in CKD development appear to be influenced by methodological variability and population differences. Further research using standardized definitions and sex-stratified analyses is needed to clarify underlying biological and clinical mechanisms and inform sex-specific risk assessment and monitoring.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.