Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42669690›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound-mediated nose-to-brain co-delivery of β-blockers and aPD-L1 enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Lei Dong, Zhengcheng Yun, Lin Gao, Yue Li, Ying Zhou, Yini Zhu, Meng Li, Leqian Ying, Xuhong Yang, Jiangtao Yue and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Lei Dong *Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Zhengcheng Yun *Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Lin GaoNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yue LiState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8198-9911
Ying ZhouDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yini ZhuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Meng LiNursing Department, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Leqian YingDepartment of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Xuhong YangNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5305-6820
Jiangtao YueNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Xueqing YongNanjing Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Nanjing, China.
Wanqing ChengNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Jia MiaoNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0009-0000-2610-2441
Nuo XuNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Xinyu ZhangNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Hui YangDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Tingting LiuZhongda Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Gaolin LiangState Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6159-9999
Shenghong JuNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China. jsh@seu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0001-5041-7865
Haijun ZhangDepartment of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China. haijunzhang@seu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-4313-3001
Jinbing XieNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China. xiejb@seu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-6071-0878

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82172010National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82372023National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82402355
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intranasal delivery offers a direct route to the brain, circumventing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and minimizing systemic toxicity. However, its efficiency is mainly limited by the nasal mucosal barrier (NMB). Here, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) without depending on the microbubbles (MBs) to amplify energy, is directly used to reversibly open the NMB by disrupting tight junction proteins. A bionic nanovesicle (iRGD-anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (aPD-L1) & carvedilol (β-blocker) @ macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles, iMPC) is designed to co-deliver carvedilol for β-receptor blockade to reduce T-cell exhaustion, and aPD-L1 to enhance T-cell anti-tumor activity in orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) mice during the two-hour window for NMB opening. Consequently, compared to free aPD-L1, up to a 33.38-fold increase of aPD-L1 in the GBM region is obtained with LIPUS-mediated intranasal delivery of iMPC. Reactivating T cells significantly enhances immunotherapy, leading to a 40% tumor reduction, extended survival, and long-term immune memory in orthotopic GBM mice. Overall, the LIPUS-mediated NMB opening strategy notably enhances nose-to-brain drug delivery efficiency, offering a promising platform for treating brain diseases.

Indexed as

Adrenergic beta-AntagonistsBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaImmunotherapyAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBrainCarvedilolCell Line, TumorDrug Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansMiceNasal MucosaT-LymphocytesAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsCarvedilol

Identifiers

PMID42669690
PMCPMC13526793

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.