Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42669194›Full record

ReviewNursing inquiry2026

Tracing the Roots of Inquiry: A Historical Review of Nursing Research Through Professionalisation Theory.

Raghad Almushawah, Dilla Davis, Ehsan Khan

Abstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nursing inquiry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Raghad AlmushawahDepartment of Adult Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6961-7759
Dilla DavisDepartment of Adult Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.
Ehsan KhanDepartment of Adult Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-4135

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nursing research has developed unevenly across history, shaped by shifting institutional structures, professional aspirations and societal demands. Yet existing historical reviews have largely adopted descriptive approaches, while few have applied an explicit theoretical lens to explain why this unevenness persists. This paper addresses that gap by examining the historical development of nursing research through Greenwood's trait-based professionalisation framework. Drawing on a narrative historical review spanning seven chronological periods, the analysis reveals a recurring pattern of partial professionalisation; nursing has consistently generated specialised knowledge yet has struggled to secure organisational infrastructure to embed and control that knowledge within clinical practice. The historical analysis suggests that knowledge production alone within a profession does not guarantee epistemic control.

Indexed as

History of NursingNursing ResearchNursing TheoryProfessionalismHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansartificial intelligenceCOVID‐19evidence‐based practicenursing historynursing professionnursing researchprofessionalisation theory

Identifiers

PMID42669194
PMCPMC13526434

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.