Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42668589›Full record

ArticleGlobal epidemiology2026

Clostridioides difficile in West Africa: a systematic review of the limited evidence and key knowledge gaps.

Mary-Theresa Usuanlele, Conrad Kabali, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Mark Loeb, Dominik Mertz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Global epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mary-Theresa UsuanleleDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Conrad KabaliDivision of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
Lawrence MbuagbawDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Mark LoebDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Dominik MertzDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Despite high diarrheal burden and antibiotic use, Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through September 9, 2024, across major global and African databases. The methodological quality, strengths, limitations, and potential sources of bias of included studies were critically evaluated. Due to heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively rather than through meta-analysis. Results: Across the nine publications from eight studies identified from Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, and Mali, investigators reported a wide range of findings related to Conclusions: The true burden of Summary: This systematic review highlights the rising concern of

Indexed as

Clostridioides difficileKnowledge gapsOccurrenceStrain typesWest Africa

Identifiers

PMID42668589
PMCPMC13524661

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.