Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42668369›Full record

Trial reportBMC pulmonary medicine2026

Impact of CPAP and ventilator system resistance on respiratory effort in healthy volunteers.

Simon Lindner, Lena Doerflinger, Luisa S Drotleff, Burcu Link, Benjamin Neetz, Julia D Michels-Zetsche, Felix J F Herth, Daniel Duerschmied, Simone Britsch

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Simon LindnerDepartment of Cardiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, 68167, Germany. simon.lindner@umm.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-2066
Lena DoerflingerDepartment of Cardiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
Luisa S DrotleffDepartment of Cardiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
Burcu LinkDepartment of Cardiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
Benjamin NeetzDepartment of Pneumology and Critical Care, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Julia D Michels-ZetscheDepartment of Pneumology and Critical Care, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Felix J F HerthDepartment of Pneumology and Critical Care, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Daniel DuerschmiedDepartment of Cardiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
Simone BritschDepartment of Cardiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is widely used for the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory failure and inspiratory support pressure (ΔP

methodsEsophageal tidal swings were measured in spontaneously breathing, healthy volunteers undergoing 4 airway pressure conditions: atmospheric pressure (A), on a ventilator without any applied pressures (V), CPAP of 5 cmH

resultsThirty-eight individuals were included in the analysis. Esophageal tidal swing during rest was highest when CPAP was applied, compared to A and NIV. During light and strenuous exercise, both V and CPAP increased respiratory effort, compared to A and NIV, suggesting an increase in ventilator system resistance at higher minute ventilation.

conclusionCPAP increased respiratory effort compared to both NIV and breathing at atmospheric pressure, but ventilator system resistance appeared to be a more relevant determinant of respiratory effort at higher minute ventilation induced by exercise. As acute respiratory failure often is associated with high minute ventilation, further studies are needed to examine the potential clinical implications of these findings.

Indexed as

Continuous Positive Airway PressureNoninvasive VentilationWork of BreathingAdultAtmospheric PressureEsophagusExerciseFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleTidal VolumeYoung AdultContinuous Positive Airway PressureNon-Invasive VentilationRespiratory Effort

Identifiers

PMID42668369
PMCPMC13525642

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.