ArticleBMC oral health2026
Influence of high-power light-curing modes on the mechanical and optical properties of no-cap bulk-fill resin composites.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThe clinical performance of no-cap bulk-fill resin composites depends strongly on adequate polymerization, which influences both mechanical durability and optical stability. Although contemporary high-power light-curing units (LCUs) provide ultra-fast curing modes, evidence regarding their effects on modern bulk-fill materials remains limited. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of different polymerization modes of VALO and Bluephase PowerCure on the microhardness and color stability of no-cap bulk-fill resin composites. MATERIALS AND
methodsFour no-cap bulk-fill resin composites (Omnichroma Bulk Flow, Charisma Bulk Flow ONE, Simplishade Bulk Fill, and Admira Fusion x-tra) were investigated. Two hundred cylindrical specimens (3 mm thickness) were prepared and polymerized using two LCUs (VALO and Bluephase PowerCure) under five curing modes (VALO Standard, High Power, and Xtra; Bluephase High Power and PowerCure). Vickers microhardness was measured on the top and bottom surfaces after 24 h, and bottom-to-top hardness ratios were calculated as an indicator of depth of cure. Baseline color was recorded and remeasured after 12-day coffee immersion at 37 °C, and color change (ΔE₀₀) was calculated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Aligned Rank Transform ANOVA (α = 0.05).
resultsComposite type, polymerization mode, and their interaction significantly affected bottom-to-top hardness ratio, microhardness, and color change values (p < 0.001). VALO Standard and VALO High Power generally produced higher bottom-to-top hardness ratios and bottom-surface microhardness values than the 3-second ultra-short curing modes. Admira Fusion x-tra and Simplishade Bulk Fill generally showed higher microhardness values and/or lower ΔE₀₀ values under the tested conditions, whereas Omnichroma Bulk Flow and Charisma Bulk Flow ONE showed lower bottom-to-top hardness ratios or higher ΔE₀₀ values in some ultra-short curing groups. No consistent correlation was observed between ΔE₀₀ and bottom-to-top hardness ratio across the tested material-curing mode combinations.
conclusionsPolymerization mode and total radiant exposure influenced the mechanical and optical outcomes of the tested no-cap bulk-fill resin composites. Longer exposure protocols with higher radiant exposure generally resulted in more favorable bottom-to-top hardness ratios and bottom-surface microhardness values than the 3-second ultra-short curing protocols. The findings suggest that ultra-rapid curing modes may not provide equivalent outcomes for all no-cap bulk-fill resin composites. Therefore, curing protocols should be selected with consideration of material-specific behavior, exposure time, and total radiant exposure.
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