Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42668325›Full record

ReviewNature communications2026

Navigating regulatory fragmentation in the convergence of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, and automation.

Ross K J McLennan, Paul S Freemont, Isak S Pretorius

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ross K J McLennanResearch Services and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0009-0009-7108-5279
Paul S FreemontSection of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5658-8486
Isak S PretoriusThe Chancellery and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. sakkie.pretorius@mq.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0001-9127-3175

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The convergence of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence (AI), and automation (SynBioxAI) creates research activities that simultaneously engage biosecurity, AI governance, export control, and data sovereignty frameworks - none of which are designed for convergent science. We conduct a comprehensive cross-jurisdictional analysis of this regulatory landscape across sixteen nations, identifying critical ambiguities where novel SynBioxAI objects fall between established regulatory categories. Through seven realistic collaboration scenarios, we demonstrate that regulatory friction is multiplicative rather than additive. We propose the SynBioxAI Regulatory Interoperability Toolkit (RIOT): a practical, seven-lens institutional framework that gives research institutions the capacity to navigate regulatory divergence efficiently and transparently.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceAutomationSynthetic Biology

Identifiers

PMID42668325
PMCPMC13526016

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.