ArticleAtencion primaria2026
Gender-related determinants of hypertension self-care behaviours in primary care: Perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals.
Article in Atencion primaria, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo identify and analyse determinants of hypertension self-care from a gender perspective, integrating the experiences of patients and primary care professionals.
designDescriptive qualitative study using focus groups and Giorgi's phenomenological approach.
settingPublic primary care centre in Barcelona, Spain.
participantsTwenty-four participants distributed across four focus groups: 12 patients with hypertension (6 women, 6 men) and 12 professionals (10 women, 2 men; 8 nurses, 4 physicians), recruited through purposive sampling.
methodsSessions lasting 60-80min followed a semi-structured guide addressing knowledge, beliefs, diet, physical activity, self-monitoring, adherence, stress, social support, roles and gender influences. They were transcribed verbatim and analysed by three researchers using Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method, with iterative consensus. Factors were subsequently categorised according to the PRECEDE model.
resultsDeterminants common to both genders and determinants with gender-differentiated expression were identified. The belief that medication alone is sufficient acted as a cross-cutting determinant. Predominantly female determinants included caregiving-related guilt, subordination of self-care, time poverty, schedule incompatibility, asymmetry of intrafamilial support and family food management shaped by gender roles. Predominantly male determinants included low risk perception, symptom-guided help-seeking, reliance on partners for dietary management and triggers in masculinised social contexts. Professionals reported limited specific training and low confidence in applying a gender perspective.
conclusionsThe identified determinants support the relevance of gender-sensitive educational interventions in hypertension care. Professional training in applying a gender perspective represents a priority for continuing professional development in primary care.
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