ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2026
Salivary hormones and adipokines are associated with glycemic control and early renal and cardiometabolic markers in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Salivary Versus Circulating Insulin in Humans: Quantitative Evidence and Validation Requirements.Biomolecules · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeType 1 diabetes (T1D) is recognized as a complex metabolic condition associated with hormonal dysregulation and early complications. This study aimed to evaluate salivary metabolic hormones and adipokines in children and young adults with T1D, and to assess their association with early markers of metabolic and vascular complications.
methodsDemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected from 349 children and young adults with T1D, classified according to weight status. Salivary concentrations of metabolic hormones and adipokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay.
resultsCompared with normal weight (NW) individuals, overweight/obese (OW) showed worse clinical outcomes, including higher HbA1c, lower eGFR, higher blood pressure, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and higher triglycerides. No differences in salivary hormone concentrations were observed according to weight status, while several hormones were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. HbA1c results inversely associated with ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (p-value = 0.009 and p-value = 0.027, respectively), and positively with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (p-value = 0.022). Renal function showed associations with ghrelin (p-value = 0.024), leptin (p-value <0.001), and visfatin (p-value = 0.002). Blood pressure was associated with ghrelin (p-value = 0.025) and leptin (p-value = 0.039), while lipid profile parameters were associated with ghrelin (HDL-C, p-value = 0.019) and glucagon (triglycerides, p-value = 0.034).
conclusionSalivary metabolic hormones and adipokines are associated with early markers of metabolic and vascular dysfunction in young individuals with T1D, independently of weight status. These findings suggest a potential role for these biomarkers in early diabetes-related complications.
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