ArticleAJOG global reports2026
Integrating a "see-and-treat" approach with opportunistic human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) based cervical cancer screening in India: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in AJOG global reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndia lacks an organized national cervical cancer screening program, and while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends human papillomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing as the primary modality, large-scale evidence on implementation via decentralized treatment pathways in India is limited. We evaluated the effectiveness of opportunistic high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA screening, assessing prevalence, genotype distribution, self-testing acceptance, and the diagnostic performance of a community-based "see-and-treat" approach.
objectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and genotype distribution of hrHPV and assess the diagnostic accuracy, treatment compliance, and clinical viability of a decentralized "see-and-treat" approach within a large-scale opportunistic screening program across 20 Indian states. STUDY
designIn this retrospective cross-sectional study (January 2022-December 2025), 62,868 women aged 25 to 65 years were enrolled across 20 Indian states via community outreach (75.1%) and hospital-based network (24.9%). Screening utilized clinician-collected or self-collected (10.5%) samples tested via the Cobas 6800 system. hrHPV-positive women were triaged by colposcopy and managed through a decentralized "see-and-treat" approach using thermal ablation (TA) or Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ). Primary outcomes included HPV prevalence, diagnostic accuracy (AUC), and treatment compliance.
resultsOverall HPV prevalence was 8.5% (5,354/62,868), with significant regional variation (11.3% in Delhi NCR to 4.7% in Kerala). Non-16/18 high-risk genotypes accounted for 54.6% of infections. Positivity peaked at ages 26 to 30 years (10.1%) and had a minor peak at 51 to 55 years (8.4%). The see-and-treat modality demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.95; sensitivity 0.98; specificity 0.91) with a program efficacy of 81.2% with 16.3% overtreatment and 21.1% undertreatment. Treatment compliance in the community sub-cohort was 51.3% (1,957/3,813). We identified five women with invasive cancers and 7.8% CIN III (28/357), 9.0% CIN II (32/357), and 26.3% CIN I (94/357) of the histopathology sub-group.
conclusionOpportunistic hrHPV screening integrated with decentralized "see-and-treat" is a clinically robust strategy for LMICs. Significant regional heterogeneity requires tailored, state-specific policies and digital linkage-to-care frameworks to overcome compliance barriers and meet WHO 2030 cervical cancer elimination goals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.