ReviewJournal of current ophthalmology
Caffeine Intake Effects on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy and Glaucomatous Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Journal of current ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of caffeine intake on intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched for publications of randomized trials investigating the effect of caffeine consumption on IOP in healthy and glaucomatous populations until February 1, 2025. Outcomes at 30 min, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 h were analyzed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was done for different types of caffeine-containing beverages and different amounts of caffeine. Results: Sixteen studies, including 599 healthy participants and 63 glaucomatous patients (with primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and normotensive glaucoma), were included in this meta-analysis. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals of IOP in the healthy population at 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, and 2 h were significant at 0.61 (0.07; 1.16), 0.87 (0.40; 1.33), 1.60 (0.40; 2.80), and 0.63 (0.03; 1.22), respectively. In glaucomatous patients, WMD at 1 and 1.5 h time points were significant at 1.51 (0.83; 2.18) and 1.39 (0.99; 1.78), respectively. Ingestion of >100 mg of caffeine significantly increased IOP at 30 min, 1, and 1.5 h, whereas ingestion of ≤100 mg did not significantly increase IOP in healthy populations. All included studies with glaucomatous populations used >100 mg of caffeine. Conclusion: Caffeine ingestion, especially of >100 mg, acutely elevates IOP in both healthy and glaucomatous populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.