Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42666814›Full record

ArticleCaspian journal of internal medicine2026

Initial treatment for uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A clinical trial comparing basal insulin and modified-release gliclazide.

Ebrahim Mohammadi, Laya Hooshmand Gharebagh, Maryam Hajiesmaello

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Caspian journal of internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ebrahim MohammadiDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Laya Hooshmand GharebaghDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Maryam HajiesmaelloPalliative Care Research Center, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The global rise of type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents significant healthcare challenges in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This study compares basal insulin and modified-release gliclazide to assess their effectiveness in managing glycemic control and other clinical factors in T2D patients. Methods: This open-label, randomized controlled trial included 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibiting poorly controlled glycemic levels (HbA1c > 10%), referred to endocrinology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran, between 2023 and 2024. The patients were randomly assigned into one of two intervention groups: the Gliclazide-MR group (n=45), receiving 30 mg of modified-release gliclazide twice daily, or the Basal Insulin group (n=45), receiving basal insulin (detemir or glargine) at a dosage of 0.1--0.3 units per kilogram of body weight. Results: The mean age of participants was 56.4±11.48 years in the gliclazide-MR group and 55.5±13.48 years in the basal insulin group. Baseline demographic characteristics and pre-intervention variables demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Both intervention groups exhibited statistically significant reductions in three glycemic indices HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBS), and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (BS2hpp) at the 3-month follow-up compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The gliclazide-MR group demonstrated comparable efficacy to the basal insulin group in reducing these glycemic indices. Conclusion: Both basal insulin and modified-release gliclazide demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control in patients with severe hyperglycemia. The optimal treatment choice should be individualized based on patient-specific factors and treatment goals.

Indexed as

Basal insulinHyperglycemiaModified-release gliclazideType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42666814
PMCPMC13524353

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.