ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Early physiological phenotypes and survival outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a longitudinal study of dynamic muscle loss and functional decline.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To characterize early changes in skeletal muscle and physical function among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving penpulimab monotherapy or combination therapy, and to identify distinct treatment-associated physiological phenotypes with potential clinical relevance. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 381 patients with advanced NSCLC (monotherapy, Results: After IPTW adjustment, combination therapy was associated with greater early physiological deterioration, including larger declines in muscle mass and physical performance, increased incidence of new-onset sarcopenia, and poorer treatment tolerability compared with monotherapy. Unsupervised clustering identified three distinct physiological phenotypes: Stable (P1), Wasting (P2), and Collapse (P3). Combination therapy was associated with a higher likelihood of transition to vulnerable phenotypes, particularly P2 and P3. These phenotypes demonstrated distinct clinical characteristics and survival patterns, with the Collapse phenotype exhibiting the poorest OS (median OS, 18.0 months), whereas OS was not reached in the Stable phenotype. Incorporation of physiological phenotypes improved the discrimination of landmark survival models beyond baseline clinical characteristics and radiographic response assessments. Exploratory pathway analyses suggested potential associations between early physiological deterioration patterns and survival differences; however, these findings require prospective validation. Conclusions: Early treatment-associated physiological deterioration in advanced NSCLC is heterogeneous and can be characterized by reproducible dynamic phenotypes. Combination therapy is associated with greater early declines in muscle and physical function, while longitudinal physiological phenotyping provides complementary information for identifying patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes beyond conventional tumor response assessment. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and determine whether interventions targeting physiological decline can improve clinical outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.