ArticleCureus2026
Effectiveness of Bilateral Arm Training With and Without Rhythmic Auditory Cueing on Functional Mobility of the Upper Limb in Stroke Survivors.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStroke commonly results in upper limb motor impairment, leading to reduced functional independence and quality of life. Bilateral arm training (BAT) and bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) are rehabilitation approaches used to improve upper limb function following stroke. However, the additional benefit of incorporating RAC into BAT requires further investigation.
objectiveTo compare the effects of BAT with and without RAC on functional mobility of the upper limb in stroke survivors.
methodsThis experimental study enrolled 24 stroke survivors (age 30-50 years; Brunnstrom stage ≥3; Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA] arm score 23-47; stroke duration three or more months) using consecutive sampling. Participants were allocated to Group A (BAT alone, n=12) or Group B (BAT with RAC, n=12). Both groups received 35-minute structured bilateral upper limb training sessions five days per week for four weeks, with Group B performing tasks synchronized to a progressive metronome tempo (60-80 bpm). Outcome measures included the FMA upper extremity score and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons and unpaired t-tests for between-group comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
resultsBoth groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements following the intervention. Group A showed a mean FMA improvement of 6.75 (p=0.0426) and a mean ARAT improvement of 8.67 (p=0.0031). Group B demonstrated greater improvements, with a mean FMA gain of 9.67 (p=0.002) and a mean ARAT gain of 14.59 (p<0.0001). Between-group analysis showed significantly greater improvements in Group B for both FMA (mean difference 2.917; t=3.211; p=0.0040) and ARAT (mean difference 5.917; t=4.410; p=0.0002).
conclusionBoth BAT alone and BAT combined with RAC significantly improved upper limb motor function in stroke survivors. However, the addition of RAC resulted in significantly greater improvements in both motor impairment and functional performance. These findings support the incorporation of BATRAC as an accessible rehabilitation strategy for enhancing upper limb recovery after stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.