ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2026
Retinal neurovascular coupling dysfunction and plasma metabolomic features as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: an integrated diagnostic model.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore features associated with impaired retinal neurovascular coupling among individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its association with alterations in plasma metabolomics, and to establish an integrated diagnostic model for evaluating its possible significance regarding early-stage identification of AD. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 85 AD patients, 82 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 83 cognitively normal controls. Retinal vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, choriocapillaris flow deficits (CCFDs), ganglion cell layer thickness, and neurovascular coupling index (NVCI) were quantified using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites and pathways were identified, followed by correlation, regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: Compared with controls, the AD group showed reduced superficial vascular plexus perfusion density (-7.1%, Conclusion: Retinal neurovascular coupling dysfunction was significantly associated with systemic metabolic disturbances (branched-chain amino acid deficiency and ceramide accumulation) in patients with AD. The OCTA-metabolomics integrated model offers excellent diagnostic performance, supporting its potential for non-invasive early AD detection and risk assessment.
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