ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Seroprevalence of
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2025 on 550 sheep blood samples collected from 55 commercial farms across Afyonkarahisar Province. Anti- Results and Discussion: The overall animal-level seroprevalence was 42.2% (232/550; 95% CI: 38.0%-46.4%), and 44 of 55 farms (80.0%; 95% CI: 67.0%-89.6%) were classified as seropositive. In multivariable analysis using Firth's penalized logistic regression, five variables were independently associated with higher seropositivity: flock-level history of abortion (aOR = 3.77; 95% CI: 2.41-6.00), age over 12 months (aOR = 3.54; 95% CI: 2.15-5.97), communal pasture use (aOR = 74.12; 95% CI: 10.22-9431.54, wide owing to quasi-complete separation), leaving aborted materials on site (aOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.49-3.61), and irregular barn cleaning (aOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.46-3.72). Cat presence was universal across all 55 farms, precluding statistical evaluation; however, stray cats had unrestricted access to feed and water on every farm, likely representing the primary driver of environmental oocyst contamination. Breed, sex, water source, and antiparasitic drug type were not significantly associated with seropositivity.
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