Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42666170›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

Effects of combined Baduanjin and cognitive training on cognitive function in cognitively normal older adults.

Cui Li, Yujiao He, Xinzhe Zhang, Xuerui Chen, Xueyan Zhang, Heng Zhang, Haoxuan Zhang, Boyang Fu, Yapeng Wei, Jianrui Li and 1 more

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Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Cui LiSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Yujiao HeSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Xinzhe ZhangSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Xuerui ChenSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Xueyan ZhangSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Heng ZhangSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Haoxuan ZhangSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Boyang FuSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Yapeng WeiSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Jianrui LiSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Nan WangSchool of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Preventing cognitive decline is a major challenge in aging research. While mind-body exercises and cognitive training each enhance cognitive function, their combined impact on cognitively normal older adults remains unclear. This study examined whether Baduanjin exercise and cognitive training exert interactive effects on global and domain-specific cognitive function. Methods: In a 12-week randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design, 162 community-dwelling adults aged 60-75 years with normal cognitive function were assigned to four groups: control (CON), Baduanjin (BG), cognitive training (CT), and combined intervention (BG + CT). Global cognition, memory, attention, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Changes within-group and main and interaction effects were analyzed. Results: One hundred thirty-eight participants completed the intervention. All intervention groups showed significant cognitive improvements from baseline. BG + CT demonstrated the most consistent improvements, including unique significant gains in long-delay memory. Factorial analyses revealed significant main effects of both Baduanjin and cognitive training on global cognition and multiple cognitive domains ( Conclusion: Combined Baduanjin and cognitive training was associated with greater cognitive benefits than single interventions in cognitively normal older adults. These findings support the potential value of integrated behavioral interventions for maintaining cognitive health in later life.

Indexed as

agingcognitive declinecognitive interventionmind–body exerciseprevention

Identifiers

PMID42666170
PMCPMC13521854

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.