ArticleFrontiers in neurology2026
Efgartigimod as a salvage therapy for anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients after first-line treatment failure: a case series.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: As an Fc receptor inhibitor, efgartigimod (EFG) could reduce serum IgG level, which might have a positive effect in the treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (NMDARE). This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effects and safety of EFG on NMDARE patients following a first-line treatment failure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed five NMDARE patients who failed in first-line treatment. All patients received intravenous EFG (10 mg/kg/week). We conducted neurological function evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and hematological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalogram (EEG) in all patients to evaluate the treatment effects of EFG. Results: After EFG treatment, the mean modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score decreased from 4.00 ± 0.70 at baseline to 1.60 ± 0.89, and the mean Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) score decreased from 14.6 ± 6.58 to 2.80 ± 2.95. The average period from EFG treatment to significant nerve function recovery (defined as mRS reduction ≥2) was 2.40 ± 2.19 weeks. Moreover, following a week after EFG treatment, the average serum IgG level decreased from 16.13 ± 7.47 g/L at baseline to 7.75 ± 5.17 g/L. Additionally, at 4 weeks post-EFG treatment, the IgG level decreased to 4.97 ± 2.30 g/L. Meanwhile, the anti-NMDAR antibody in CSF turned negative after EFG treatment in four out of five patients. The EFG helped in alleviating the abnormalities identified by MRI or EEG evaluations. Conclusion: The EFG can rapidly improve neurological function and enhance prognosis in NMDARE patients after first-line treatment failure. Meanwhile, no serious adverse effects were identified. The EFG treatment mechanism might be associated with the elimination of IgG, which contains anti-NMDAR antibodies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.