ReviewNature protocols2026
Shear-flow-induced assembly of 2D nanosheets for the fabrication of composite films with high tensile strength.
Review in Nature protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
High-performance bioinspired composite materials require the precise alignment of synthetic nanosheets to mimic the mechanical properties of highly ordered laminated microstructures found in nature. Here, we detail a nanosheet superspreading alignment strategy for fabricating nanocomposite films that uses shear-flow forces at the interface between two immiscible phases to induce long-range, high-order alignment of the 2D nanosheets that enhances the films' mechanical properties. In situ interface crystallization or cross-linking follows the alignment and effectively locks the oriented configuration (the resulting orientation order parameter is >0.85). Subsequent solvent dewetting enables continuous film formation over large areas while maintaining well-defined microstructural integrity. This process overcomes the misorientation and aggregation typical of conventional alignment methods and can be scaled using a multi-nozzle extrusion setup compatible with commercial heating and film-collection components. The step-by-step procedures cover the nanosheet precursor preparation, the continuous-film fabrication and their microstructural characterization and require ≤23 days to complete. The procedures are applicable to a broad range of nanosheet materials, including graphene oxide, MXenes, transition-metal dichalcogenides and layered clays, and the resulting composite films exhibit enhanced mechanical strength, toughness and multifunctionality. Nanocomposites based on graphene oxide and clay nanosheets exhibit a tensile strength of up to 1,215 ± 80 MPa (mean ± s.d) and a Young's modulus of 198.8 ± 6.5 GPa, while clay-based nanocomposite films reach a toughness of 36.7 ± 3.0 MJ m
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