Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42665590›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Extraction and chemical characterization of natural dye from western himalayan wild pomegranate peel for textile applications.

Sara Iftikhar, Muhammad Qasim Hayat, Atteqa Safdar, Manzar Sohail, Rosario Del P Castillo, Vicente Hernández, Aneela Javed

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sara IftikharMedicinal Plants Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. siftikhar.phd20asab@student.nust.edu.pk.
Muhammad Qasim HayatMedicinal Plants Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Atteqa SafdarMedicinal Plants Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Manzar SohailDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Rosario Del P CastilloLaboratory of Biospectroscopy and Chemometrics, Biotechnology Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Vicente HernándezFaculty of Forest Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, 4030000, Concepción, Chile.
Aneela JavedDepartment of Biomedicine, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural dyes are emerging as sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic ones in many industries because of health, safety and ecological concerns. The textile sector, being a major producer of dye effluents, is significantly paying attention to eco-friendly organic dyes. This study aimed to extract, apply and characterize a natural dye from the fruit peel of a wild type of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) which is widely distributed in several ecological zones of Pakistan. The obtained dye was analyzed for phytochemical screening, UV vis-spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GCMS). Furthermore, the application of dye on cotton fabric was tested for color efficiencies in terms of fastness properties and CIE L* a* b* values. Three mordants alum, ferrous sulfate and gallnut powder were used for comparison with un-mordanted fabric dyeing. ATR-FTIR analysis was performed to confirm the interaction of dye compounds with cotton fabric with and without mordant. DPPH and MTT assays were employed to check the antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity of the dye. GCMS revealed the presence of 51 compounds with intense color yielding nature. FTIR analysis identifies O-H, C-H and C-O as major functional groups. This study is the first to characterize the Western Himalayan wild pomegranate fruit peel in Pakistan, revealing the high content of biochemical compounds dye potential and antioxidant activity. The overall results suggest that the peel extract of wild pomegranate is suitable for manufacturing ecofriendly dye for various industrial sectors including textiles, pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics, as a safer and sustainable alternative to non-biodegradable synthetic dyes.

Indexed as

Coloring AgentsFruitPlant ExtractsPomegranateTextilesAntioxidantsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryHimalayasPakistanSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredAntioxidantsColoring AgentsPlant Extracts4Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyColorFastnessGas chromatography-mass spectrometryNatural dyePomegranate

Identifiers

PMID42665590
PMCPMC13524945

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