Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42664414›Full record

ArticleJournal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine2026

Profile of individuals with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR).

Heidi Castillo, Sophia Drewry, Amy Heffelfinger, Jennifer T Queally, Kurt A Freeman, Vanessa Avemil, Richard Adams, Pamela Murphy, Kathryn Smith, Audrey Roach and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Heidi CastilloDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4825-3096
Sophia DrewryOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
Amy HeffelfingerDepartment of Neurology, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Jennifer T QueallyDepartment of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Kurt A FreemanDepartment of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Vanessa AvemilCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Birth Defects Monitoring and Research Branch, Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5428-8474
Richard AdamsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.
Pamela MurphyDistrict Medical Group Children's Rehabilitative Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Kathryn SmithDivision of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Audrey RoachDepartment of Neurology, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Gregory HeuerDivision of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
William WalkerSeattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jonathan CastilloDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Catharine RileyCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Birth Defects Monitoring and Research Branch, Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD000738NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD000740NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD000743NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD000774NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001057NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001062NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001065NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001093NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001235NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001237NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001240NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001262NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001265NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001266NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001268NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001270NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001272NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001274NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001275NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001278NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001279NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001280
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PurposeAlthough intelligence quotient (IQ) testing can help identify cognitive issues, data on IQ testing in the spina bifida (SB) population is limited and difficult to collect. This study aimed to identify factors influencing IQ test reporting among individuals in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR).MethodsA descriptive analysis of 1,017 individuals aged 4 to 22 years from five NSBPR clinics was conducted. Characteristics of participants with a full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) score (n=435) were compared to those without (n=582). Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the likelihood of having an FSIQ score, adjusting for sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, functional level of lesion, and clinic.ResultsIndividuals who received full-time (OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.88) or some (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.82) academic accommodations were more likely to have an FSIQ score. The mean age at IQ testing was 9.7 years (SD: 4.0), and mean FSIQ score was 81.3 (SD: 16.9).ConclusionHistory of academic accommodation was associated with having FSIQ scores. Average FSIQ score was lower than the normative population, highlighting the need for broader testing and care among people with SB.

Indexed as

cognitionintelligencemyelomeningoceleneuropsychologyspina bifida

Identifiers

PMID42664414
PMCPMC13525100

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.