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ArticleIrish journal of medical science2026

Preventable maternal and neonatal factors of early and late neonatal mortality in rural city of Tshumbe, Sankuru Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Etongola Papy Steve Mbelambela, Okitambolo Marie Catherine Mbutshu, Antonio Fredelindo Villanueva, Okitale Daniel Tokoko, Musembula Hilaire Kelakela, Esimo Justin Mboloko, Sifa Marie Joelle Muchanga

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Article in Irish journal of medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Etongola Papy Steve MbelambelaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Notre Dame University of Tshumbe, Sankuru, Democratic Republic of the Congo. mbelasteve@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-3119
Okitambolo Marie Catherine MbutshuDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Notre Dame University of Tshumbe, Sankuru, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Antonio Fredelindo VillanuevaHealthcare Unit Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Okitale Daniel TokokoDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Notre Dame University of Tshumbe, Sankuru, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Musembula Hilaire KelakelaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Esimo Justin MbolokoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Sifa Marie Joelle MuchangaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe first 28 days of life, known as the neonatal period, is most vulnerable time for child's survival. Prematurity, infections, and respiratory distress are the most important causes of neonatal death.

aimThis study aimed to evaluate preventable maternal and neonatal factors of early and late neonatal mortality in Rural city of Tshumbe, Sankuru Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

methodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted between January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024, in three health centres. Maternity ward recorded 1827 births, of which 369 neonates were admitted to pediatrics, and 246 neonate deaths within the first 28 days were documented. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between maternal and neonatal factors on neonatal mortality.

resultsMalaria in pregnancy and urogenital infection accounted for 85.77%, and 72.36% of neonatal deaths, respectively (p = 0.001) (p < 0.05). Association between paludism in pregnancy (aOR: 4.12, 95% CI: 1.71;9.89), hypotrophic birth weight, (aOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.02;3.91), very premature (aOR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.04;4.37), zero prenatal visit (aOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.30; 9.77) and early neonatal mortality were found. Additionally, the risk of early neonatal mortality decreased for women with a history of two to three vaccination (aOR: 0.18, 95%CI:1.62; 6.26).

conclusionSignificantly higher rates of early mortality were revealed among respondents with no prenatal visits. Furthermore, malaria in pregnancy, low birth weight and very preterm birth were associated with early neonatal mortality. In addition, the risk of early neonatal mortality decreased with increasing tetanus vaccination coverage among women.

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Early and late neonatal mortalityMaternal and neonatal factors

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.