Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42663665›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2026

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and perinatal mental illness: a population-based study.

Simone Natalie Vigod, Jonathan Zipursky, Amreen Babujee, Lucy Church Barker, Blanca Bolea-Alamanac, Crystal Tennille Clark, Eyal Cohen, Cindy Lee Dennis, Mia Feldman, Tara Gomes and 9 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Simone Natalie VigodDepartment of Psychiatry, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. simone.vigod@wchospital.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-9639
Jonathan ZipurskyDalla Lana School of Public Health, IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Amreen BabujeeICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Lucy Church BarkerDepartment of Psychiatry, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Blanca Bolea-AlamanacDepartment of Psychiatry, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Crystal Tennille ClarkDepartment of Psychiatry, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Eyal CohenDalla Lana School of Public Health, IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Cindy Lee DennisLunenfield-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mia FeldmanWomen's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Tara GomesICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Serena HabibWomen's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hong LuICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Cynthia MaxwellWomen's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Aditi PatrikarICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Joel Geoffrey RayDalla Lana School of Public Health, IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Natasha SaundersDalla Lana School of Public Health, IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alene ToulanyDalla Lana School of Public Health, IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Angelyn XieDalla Lana School of Public Health, IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hilary Kathryn BrownICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

CIHR CIHR: PJT -191820
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects ~ 2% of reproductive-aged women, yet the impact of ADHD on perinatal psychiatric outcomes remains poorly understood. We aimed to determine the risk for mental illness in pregnancy and until 1 year postpartum among pregnant people with ADHD.

methodsIn this population-based observational cohort study (2013-2024) in Ontario, Canada, we compared pregnancies with and without a history of maternal ADHD on risk of perinatal mental illness overall, by diagnostic category, and for acute care (psychiatric emergency department visits and hospitalization). We generated adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for maternal age, parity, infant sex, immigration status, income, rurality, non-ADHD preconception mental illness, and year of delivery.

resultsAmong those with ADHD (n = 22,995), 50.2% were diagnosed with perinatal mental illness whereas among those without ADHD (n = 1,028,038), only 24.0% were diagnosed, an aRR of 1.35 (95%CI 1.33-1.38). ADHD was associated with elevated risk for anxiety (41.7% vs. 20.7%; aRR 1.34, 1.31-1.37), depressive (14.4% vs. 5.0%; aRR 1.65, 1.59-1.71), substance and alcohol use (6.3% vs. 1.4%; aRR 1.71, 1.61-1.80); bipolar (4.4% vs. 1.0%; aRR 2.29, 2.14-2.45) and psychotic disorders (1.2% vs. 0.3%; aRR 2.37, 2.10-2.68), as well as with psychiatric ED visits (8.2% vs. 1.6%; aRR 1.98, 1.88-2.08) and psychiatric hospitalizations (2.4% vs. 0.4%; aRR 2.26, 2.06-2.48).

conclusionsPerinatal mental illness and the need for acute perinatal mental health care are elevated among those with ADHD, highlighting the need for targeted supports and services to enhance prevention and early identification in this group.

Indexed as

ADHDAlcohol use disorderAntenatal mental illnessAnxietyBipolar disorderDepressionPostpartumPostpartum mental illnessPregnancyPsychiatric ED visitsPsychiatric hospitalizationsPsychosisSubstance use disorder

Identifiers

PMID42663665

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.