ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2026
Age at diagnosis of strabismus or amblyopia and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate whether age at diagnosis of strabismus or amblyopia is associated with patterns in the clinical recognition of neurodevelopmental conditions in children.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included children with a first diagnosis of strabismus or amblyopia, categorized into early (3-6 years) and late (7-12 years) diagnosis cohorts. Primary outcomes included developmental delay, learning disorders, and speech or language disorders. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated at 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up intervals. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate event-free probability. Sensitivity analyses assessed 1-year outcomes using age-stratified control cohorts, age-matched control comparisons, and conjunctivitis comparator analyses.
resultsChildren in the early-diagnosis cohort had higher detection of developmental delay (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.05-2.76) and speech or language delay-related outcomes (HR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.40-3.09), whereas children in the late-diagnosis cohort demonstrated higher detection of learning disorders (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.81). Differences in developmental delay and speech or language delay-related outcomes between early- and late-diagnosis cohorts emerged early and persisted across follow-up intervals (log-rank P < .001). Differences in learning disorders attenuated over the 5-year follow-up (log-rank P = .38). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated age-related patterns in controls and consistent enrichment of outcomes in children with strabismus or amblyopia compared, but not in conjunctivitis comparators.
conclusionsAge at diagnosis of strabismus or amblyopia was associated with distinct patterns in the clinical recognition of neurodevelopmental conditions. Ophthalmologic encounters may represent clinically relevant opportunities to identify co-occurring developmental concerns during routine care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42663647What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.