ArticleJournal of experimental orthopaedics2026
Early functional deficits following first-time acute lateral ankle sprain: A multidimensional assessment framework with clinically relevant cut-off values.
Article in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries associated with sensorimotor impairments that increase the risk of reinjury and chronic ankle instability. Early clinical assessment after acute LAS is often symptom-guided rather than based on objective functional testing. This study aimed to identify the most sensitive functional impairments within the first weeks after injury and to determine cut-off values that support structured clinical assessment. Methods: In this cross-sectional matched case-control analysis, 36 individuals (14-41 years) with MRI-confirmed first-time acute LAS were compared to 36 matched healthy controls. Patients (recruiting 01/22-09/24) were assessed 2-3 weeks post-injury using patient-reported outcomes, postural control, strength, range of motion (ROM), gait/running kinematics and jump performance. Between-group differences were analysed using Results: Individuals with LAS demonstrated substantial impairments across several domains. The most discriminative parameters were Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Sport (effect size [ES] -4.09, cut-off <86) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) (ES -3.65; cut-off <26) (psychometry), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) composite score (ES -1.22; cut-off <92.81) (postural control), concentric plantarflexion strength (ES -1.34; cut-off <2.24 Nm/kg) (strength), passive plantarflexion and total ROM (ES -2.29; cut-off <44° and <72°), transverse ankle kinematics during gait (ES 1.14; cut-off <-15°) (gait/running) and drop jump contact time (ES 1.62; cut-off >0.23 s) (jump performance). These measures formed a minimal multidimensional assessment. Conclusion: These parameters and cut-off values enable objective, multidimensional assessment in the early phase after acute LAS and may facilitate impairment-based rehabilitation beyond symptom-guided evaluation. Level of Evidence: Level III, cross-sectional matched pair-study.
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