ArticleToxicology reports2026
Toxicological and pharmacodynamic evaluation of Nixodine-S [(S)-6-Methylnicotine] relative to (S)-nicotine.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
6-Methylnicotine (6-MN) products are increasingly appearing on the US and global markets and are currently unregulated in the US. Nixodine-S is a flavorless concentrate containing (S)-6-MN for use as a 1:1 nicotine alternative in the manufacture of vape or oral products. Based on intravenous acute toxicity study results, it was formulated to be less acutely toxic than nicotine. Under volume-equivalent dosing conditions, the Nixodine-S formulation did not induce cytotoxicity in the neutral red uptake assay with BALB/c 3T3 cells, while nicotine was cytotoxic. Both Nixodine-S and nicotine were negative in micronucleus and Ames assays. In nAChR activation testing, Nixodine-S, as well as its salt, elicited similar activation of two nAChR subtypes that are implicated in nicotine reward pathways. Nixodine-S and its salt produced a response consistent with weak partial agonism (low intrinsic efficacy relative to acetylcholine) similar to nicotine but with much lower potency than nicotine, at the most nicotine-sensitive of the three receptors tested and a primary driver of phasic dopamine release in mesolimbic reward circuits. Collectively, these data support an exploratory receptor-referenced therapeutic index (rTI) for Nixodine-S that is comparable to that of nicotine at volume-equivalent doses, and a differential nAChR subtype profile.
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