Navigating Barriers and Challenges: A Narrative Review of the Experiences of Autistic People and Their Families in Latin America.

Research on autism in Latin America has grown substantially over the past two decades; however, evidence regarding the experiences of autistic people and their families remains fragmented across countries and disciplines. This narrative review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the experiences of autistic people and their families while navigating health, education, and social protection systems across Latin America. A literature search was conducted in PubMed for studies published between January 2000 and July 2026. The search combined the terms "autism spectrum disorder," "autism," and "autistic" with the names and demonyms of all countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the regional terms Latin America and Central America. Studies addressing pathways to autism identification, access to health services, socioeconomic inequalities, family experiences, educational inclusion, professional training, and current regional challenges were included. A total of 75 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized narratively. Across the region, families consistently recognized developmental differences during the first years of life; however, pathways to autism identification were frequently prolonged by fragmented health systems, shortages of trained professionals, and limited access to specialized services. Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities further restricted access to assessment, supports, and ongoing services. Families played a central role in coordinating care, navigating complex systems, and advocating for the rights of autistic people. Educational inclusion remained limited by insufficient resources, inadequate teacher preparation, and inconsistent implementation of inclusive policies. The available evidence was concentrated in a small number of countries, highlighting important gaps in regional knowledge. Overall, autistic people and their families continue to encounter substantial barriers while navigating health, education, and social protection systems across Latin America. Strengthening early identification, expanding professional training, improving intersectoral coordination, and increasing research capacity across underrepresented countries are essential priorities for advancing equitable, coordinated, and inclusive supports throughout the region.