Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42662423›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2026

A systematic review of personality-related factors associated with autonomy-connectedness in functional neurological disorder.

Luuk Stroink, Klaas Huijbregts, Andrej Rakic, Ralph de Vries, Marleen Rijkeboer, Marrie H J Bekker

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Luuk StroinkMental Health Care Organization GGNet, Scelta, Department of Complex Trauma, Warnsveld, Netherlands.
Klaas HuijbregtsMental Health Care Organization GGNet, Scelta, Department of Complex Trauma, Warnsveld, Netherlands.
Andrej RakicRehabilitation Centre Revalis, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.
Ralph de VriesDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Marleen RijkeboerDepartment of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Marrie H J BekkerDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Preliminary evidence suggests that individuals with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) may exhibit reduced autonomy-connectedness, a psychological construct referring to the capacity to remain connected with one's own needs and emotions while maintaining meaningful relationships with others. Autonomy-connectedness consists of three interrelated dimensions: self-awareness, sensitivity to others, and the capacity to manage new situations. Although autonomy-connectedness itself has not yet been directly investigated in FND populations, several psychological characteristics associated with FND appear conceptually related to these dimensions, including insecure attachment, suggestibility, alexithymia, altered interoceptive awareness, disturbed sense of agency, and harm avoidance or low openness to experience. This systematic review examined empirical studies investigating psychological characteristics conceptually related to autonomy-connectedness in individuals with FND. Specifically, we reviewed studies on insecure attachment, suggestibility, alexithymia, interoception, sense of agency, and harm avoidance/openness to experience. Across studies, the most consistent associations were found for alexithymia and interoceptive disturbances, whereas findings regarding attachment, sense of agency, and harm avoidance/openness to experience were more heterogeneous. Evidence regarding suggestibility was limited. Overall, the findings provide indirect and hypothesis-generating support for the potential relevance of autonomy-connectedness as a conceptual framework for understanding vulnerability-related characteristics in FND. However, conclusions should be interpreted cautiously given the methodological heterogeneity across studies and the absence of direct assessments of autonomy-connectedness in FND populations. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023232760.

Indexed as

alexithymiaautonomy-connectednessconversion disorderfear avoidancefunctional neurological disordersinsecure attachmentinteroceptive awarenessopenness to experience

Identifiers

PMID42662423
PMCPMC13519597

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.