ArticleFlexible and printed electronics2026
Flexible ultrathin organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based portable system for monitoring and stimulation of bladder muscle.
Article in Flexible and printed electronics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with bladder underactivity experience difficulty in sensing bladder fullness and emptying the bladder efficiently, leading to chronic urinary retention. An implantable bidirectional device that combines capturing bladder smooth muscle activities with stimulation could enable closed-loop assistance and offer benefits compared to the common timed intermittent catheterization. Most existing bidirectional systems lean on passive metal electrodes as the interface, which provide no intrinsic signal amplification for low-amplitude bladder electromyography sensing and offer limited charge-injection capacity for effective and safe stimulation. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer an attractive alternative with high sensitivity for biopotential measurements and effective stimulation capability due to their high-capacitance polymer channels. In this study, we used a custom-made portable system for a flexible ultrathin OECT array to shape a bidirectional recording and stimulation interface for bladder smooth muscle. We validate the system's recording and stimulation performance under
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.