ReviewESMO gastrointestinal oncology2026
Sex-based survival differences in patients with untreated advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis.
Review in ESMO gastrointestinal oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is the standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evidence from other tumour types suggests that biological sex may influence ICI efficacy, but this remains unclear in OSCC. Patients and methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase III randomised trials comparing chemotherapy plus ICIs with chemotherapy alone in advanced OSCC. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint, stratified by sex. Results: Eight trials comprising 4904 patients (14.7% female) were analysed. Chemotherapy plus ICIs significantly improved OS overall [hazard ratio (HR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.73], in females (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98, I² = 19%), and in males (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.63-0.74, I² = 0%). Subgroup testing ( Conclusions: Chemotherapy plus ICIs improves OS in both sexes, although the magnitude is less in females. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in the design and interpretation of future clinical trials.
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