ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid reveals immune-cell heterogeneity and multicompartment MIF/CD74-related communication in tuberculous and purulent meningitis.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe central nervous system infection in which dysregulated host inflammation contributes to neurological injury. The cellular organization of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune microenvironment in TBM, particularly in comparison with other inflammatory meningitis conditions, remains incompletely defined. This study characterized CSF immune-cell heterogeneity in TBM and purulent meningitis (PM) using single-cell transcriptomic profiling. Methods: Pre-treatment CSF immune cells from five patients with TBM and five patients with PM were profiled using 10x Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing. After quality control, ambient RNA assessment, and doublet filtering, 96,594 cells were retained. Major immune-cell populations and myeloid and granulocyte subclusters were annotated using canonical lineage markers and cluster-specific marker genes, with additional evaluation of doublet-related quality-control metrics and ambient RNA estimates. Immune-cell composition, CD4 Results: Seven major CSF immune-cell populations were identified, including CD4 Conclusions: This study provides a donor-aware single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the inflammatory CSF immune microenvironment in TBM and PM. The findings highlight substantial inter-individual heterogeneity, broad innate immune-cell patterns, overlapping CD4
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