Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42661776›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026

Comparative analysis of infection-associated and non-infection-associated pulmonary embolism in children: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Fengqin Liu, Sixian Liu, Lejia Zhang, Zhilang Lin, Jing Zhang, Huijuan Xu, Bing Liu, Tian Shen, Yuan Wen, Mengze Hu and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Fengqin Liu *Pediatric Respiratory Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Sixian Liu *Pediatric Respiratory Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Lejia Zhang *Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Zhilang Lin *Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Jing ZhangPediatric Respiratory Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Huijuan XuDepartment of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Bing LiuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Tian ShenDepartment of Pediatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Yuan WenDepartment of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Mengze HuDepartment of Hematology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
Lirong SunDepartment of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Gang LiuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xiaochuan WuDepartment of Pediatrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Yi ZhangDepartment of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Rong LiuDepartment of Hematology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyun JiangDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Xing ChenPediatric Respiratory Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Juan XiaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Pediatric pulmonary embolism (PE) exhibits distinct risk factors, with respiratory infections playing a predominant yet understudied role in children. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study analyzed pediatric patients with PE from 8 Chinese tertiary hospitals between 2003 and 2023. Patients were stratified into infection-associated PE (I-PE) and non-infection-associated PE (NI-PE) groups based on systemic infection status for comparative analysis. Results: Among 196 pediatric patients diagnosed with PE, I-PE was predominant at 75.5%, vs. 24.5% for NI-PE. The vast majority of I-PE group (77.0%) were associated with respiratory infections, among which 20.3% were attributable to Conclusions: This study revealed a predominance of school-age children within the identified PE cohort, whose actual prevalence exceeding prior estimates. The association between infection, particularly acute respiratory infection, and PE in this cohort supports consideration of PE in children with respiratory infection and concerning features. I-PE presents with marked inflammation, a higher proportion of markedly elevated D-dimer (≥5

Indexed as

cardiopulmonary functionmulticenter studymycoplasma pneumoniaepediatric pulmonary embolismrespiratory infection

Identifiers

PMID42661776
PMCPMC13518526

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