ArticlePatient safety in surgery2026
The silent normalization of biological exposures in operating rooms: an overlooked occupational crisis.
Article in Patient safety in surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Operating room personnel are exposed to biological hazards such as needlestick injuries and blood and body fluid exposure, which pose risks of bloodborne infections. However, many of these incidents remain unreported. Underreporting is driven by normalization of exposure, fear of blame, workload, and limited knowledge of reporting procedures. This leads to underestimation of occupational risk and weakens prevention strategies. Improving reporting systems, education, and institutional support is essential to enhance occupational safety in perioperative settings.
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