ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Association between prognostic nutritional index and clinical outcomes in patients with pyogenic liver abscess: a retrospective multicenter study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsDespite advances in therapeutic strategies, pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) remains a life-threatening bacterial infection associated with substantial mortality. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), a marker of immuno-nutritional status, has been shown to predict outcomes in various diseases. However, its prognostic value in patients with PLA remains unclear.
methodsA total of 405 patients diagnosed with PLA were enrolled in this study. Based on the median PNI value at admission, patients were stratified into the high-PNI group (PNI ≥ 37.15) and low-PNI group (PNI < 37.15). Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, imaging findings, presumed clinical route of PLA, previous hepatobiliary/pancreatic procedure history, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes were analyzed to evaluate the association between PNI and prognosis.
resultsPatients in the low-PNI group were significantly older than those in the high-PNI group (59.07 ± 13.30 years vs. 54.20 ± 13.92 years, P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of fever (92.08% vs. 85.15%, P = 0.028) was seen in patients with low PNI. The low-PNI group also had a higher frequency of SIRS at admission (32.51% vs. 17.33%, P < 0.001), higher rate of abscess formation with a diameter > 10 cm (16.75% vs. 6.44%, P < 0.001) and a higher frequency of gas formation in abscess (18.22% vs. 6.93%, P = 0.001). Additionally, patients with low PNI had significantly higher complication rates; particularly for formation of pleural effusion and abdominal effusion. Moreover, the length of hospital stay was significantly prolonged (15.70 ± 8.94 days vs. 13.46 ± 7.16 days, P = 0.006), and treatment costs were higher (4130.76 ± 3227.45 USD vs. 3388.60 ± 2975.95 USD, P = 0.017) in the low-PNI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low PNI was associated with prolonged temperature recovery time (OR = 1.589, 95% CI: 1.022-2.470, P = 0.040) and prolonged hospital stay (OR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.033-2.415, P = 0.035).
conclusionPNI may serve as a useful marker for early clinical risk stratification in patients with PLA. CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.
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