Investigation of hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics in a draft tube spouted bed bioreactor (DTSBBR) for simultaneous COD and nitrate removal.

Kirankumar Rathod, Keshava Joshi, Lokeshwari Navalgund, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Subhash Chandra

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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Kirankumar RathodDepartment of Chemical Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology (V.T.U., Belagavi), Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

Keshava JoshiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology (V.T.U., Belagavi), Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

Lokeshwari NavalgundDepartment of Chemical Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology (V.T.U., Belagavi), Dharwad, Karnataka, India. lokeshwarinavalgund@gmail.com.

Nabisab Mujawar MubarakDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia. MNSMujawar@imamu.edu.sa.

Subhash ChandraDepartment of Civil Engineering, GITAM School of Core Engineering, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India. schandra3@gitam.edu.

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Because interactions among microbial growth kinetics, biofilm formation, hydrodynamic conditions, and mass transfer constraints frequently limit process stability and scale-up, the simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate from wastewater remains a significant challenge in biological treatment systems. The hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of a Draft Tube Spouted Bed Bioreactor (DTSBBR) were examined for the simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate from synthetic wastewater under different operating parameters. In a biofilm-assisted reactor, performance was assessed at dilution rates (0.6, 0.9, and 1.2/h) and granular activated carbon (GAC) loads (10, 20, and 30 g). The biofilm thickness, substrate diffusion, external mass transfer coefficient, Reynolds number (Re), Schmidt number (Sc), and Sherwood number (Sh) were precisely studied and evaluated under the influence of reactor hydrodynamic studies. The COD elimination confirmed higher mass transfer capability compared to the nitrate values because of diffusion-limited denitrification kinetics, with Sherwood numbers ranging from 4.60 to 7.10 and mass transfer coefficients between 0.66*10

Indexed as

Biological Oxygen Demand AnalysisBioreactorsNitratesWater PurificationBiofilmsDenitrificationHydrodynamicsKineticsWaste Disposal, FluidWastewaterNitratesWastewaterGranular activated carbonKinetic studiesSchmidt and Sherwood number relationThiele Modulus

Identifiers

PMID42661039

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-67006-x

PMCPMC13522592

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