SynthesisEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2026
Effectiveness of Educational Programmes on Knowledge and Practice Related to Diabetic Foot Care Among Nurses: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Educational Programmes on Knowledge and Practice Related to Diabetic Foot Care Among Nurses: A Systematic Review.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes mellitus is a leading global non-communicable disease associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare burden. Diabetic foot complications represent a leading cause of hospitalization and lower-limb amputation in this population.
objectiveTo systematically evaluate the effects of educational programmes on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care.
methodsA systematic search of quasi-experimental studies from 2015 to 2024 was performed. Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies was used to evaluate methodological quality. The results were summarized narratively due to variations in study designs, interventions and outcome measures. The GRADE approach was used for assessment of the evidence certainty.
resultsA total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Educational interventions were found to be consistently linked to enhanced knowledge and/or clinical practice concerning diabetic foot care among nurses in the included studies. Interactive and practical educational approaches appeared particularly promising; however, considerable heterogeneity existed in intervention content, duration, measurement instruments and follow-up periods. The overall certainty of evidence for both knowledge and practice outcomes was rated as very low.
conclusionEducational programmes were consistently associated with improvements in nurses' knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care. The findings suggest that healthcare training could be integrated with ongoing professional development programmes, emphasizing experiential learning. However, the very low certainty of evidence and predominance of non-randomized quasi-experimental designs limit causal inference. More rigorous randomized or cluster-randomized studies with standardized outcome measures, longer follow-up and patient-level outcomes are needed.
trial registrationPROSPERO: CRD420261404535.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.