ArticleJournal of separation science2026
Investigation and Implementation of Analyte Protectants in the Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Benzodiazepines and Opioids in Whole Blood Extracts.
Article in Journal of separation science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The determination of benzodiazepines and opioids in whole blood by gas chromatography (GC) remains challenging due to low analyte concentrations and matrix-related effects that may compromise analytical response. In this study, the use of analyte protectants (APs) was investigated as a means of enhancing detector response in GC-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis of selected benzodiazepines and opioids following Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe-based sample preparation. A series of high-boiling compounds, including linear alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, and polyethylene glycols (PEGs), were evaluated as APs capable of modulating the chromatographic response. Among the tested compounds, PEG-400 and PEG-600 provided the most consistent signal enhancement, increasing responses of benzodiazepines by 413%-475% and opioids by up to 628% under optimized conditions. Long-chain amines showed the highest enhancement for selected opioids, reaching up to 1080%. The influence of key experimental parameters on APs efficiency was systematically assessed, demonstrating that acetonitrile as the extraction solvent, elevated injector temperatures (up to 325°C), and low initial oven temperatures favored signal enhancement. The developed GC-MS/MS procedure exhibited satisfactory analytical performance, including high linearity (R
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