Verbal recoding underlies visual ambiguity resolution, even in a nonlinguistic context.

In language, word order can be used to help disambiguate the grammatical category (noun, verb, etc.) to which an unfamiliar or ambiguous word belongs. We have recently demonstrated that the order of stimuli impacts how ambiguous stimuli are subsequently categorized, even in a nonlinguistic context. However, it remains possible that participants may linguistically recode these stimuli (i.e., giving abstract shapes "names"), such that this effect is still based in the language system. Here, we adapted our previous nonlinguistic paradigm assessing the impact of sequence order on categorization but with the addition of two interference conditions: one interfering with phonological systems of linguistic recoding and the other with visuospatial memory. We found that while the nonlinguistic, visuospatial interference task had no impact on the sequence categorization effect, the linguistic interference task substantially reduced this effect. These results suggest that even though the task uses nonlinguistic stimuli, participants appeared to recode this information linguistically and, thus, that this effect may be a feature of language, rather than a more domain-general cognitive process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).