ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026
Depressive symptom heterogeneity and mortality in a prospective U.S. cohort.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- GWAS data selection matters in MR: comment on "causal relationship between mental illness and venous thromboembolism: a mendelian randomization study".European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundDepressive symptoms are associated with increased mortality, but whether individual symptoms differ in their associations with mortality remains incompletely characterized.
methodsA prospective analysis of U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data linked to mortality follow-up through 2019 examined PHQ-9 total score, affective and somatic domains, and individual items in relation to all-cause, heart disease, and non-cardiac mortality using survey-weighted Cox models. Item-level analyses were exploratory and adjusted for multiple comparisons.
resultsAmong 17,935 participants, 885 deaths occurred. Each 1-point increase in PHQ-9 total score was associated with higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.036; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.012-1.061; P=.003). When affective and somatic domains were modeled simultaneously, only the somatic domain remained modestly associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.044; 95% CI, 1.003-1.087; P=.037). In separate item analyses, anhedonia (HR, 1.256), fatigue (HR, 1.215), appetite or weight disturbance (HR, 1.175), and thoughts of death or self-harm (HR, 1.477) were associated with all-cause mortality after false discovery rate correction (adjusted P≤.014). In the mutually adjusted model, anhedonia (HR, 1.20), fatigue (HR, 1.21), and thoughts of death or self-harm (HR, 1.51) remained associated. Item-level models improved in-sample fit (likelihood-ratio P=.001) but minimally improved discrimination (ΔC-index=0.001).
conclusionsHigher depressive symptom burden was associated with all-cause mortality. Exploratory analyses suggested symptom-level heterogeneity, but item-level modeling did not meaningfully improve discrimination; symptom-specific findings require independent replication.
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